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How to Test almost all kinds of Optocouplers ?

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Optocoupler Tester An optocoupler tester The purpose of an optocoupler is to transfer signals from one circuit to another yet keep them galvanically isolated . in this post i want to show you how to check if an optocoupler is working. This circuit requires only a 12 volts power supply . Components :  1x 7805 voltage regulator  2x 1k Ω  resistor   1x 470 Ω  resistor  1x 120 Ω  resistor  1x 2N3904 transistor (or any  general purpose transistor will work)  1x 1N4007 diode  1x relay an LED  How to correctly place an optocoupler  :  In the picture shown you will find a dot in the component package  indicating the correct orientation of the package , usually this is indicated in the datasheet of the component , but i thought that you should know this any way. Why this circuit ?   Now there are several way to test an optocoupler, but this circuit in particular will allow you to test a lot of them much faster , and by including the right mount in your pcb yo
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How To Upgrade To Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver

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Introduction  The latest Ubuntu release, 18.04, marks an opportunity for both LTS users and people on the previous 17.10 release to update Ubuntu and take advantage of the latest features. Thanks to Debian's upgrade process, it should be relatively simple to either upgrade Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04 (both LTS) or to upgrade Ubuntu 17.10 to 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver, this comes with a 5 year support In this post we will walk through the steps needed to upgrade in detail  Objective Effectively upgrade your ubuntu 16.04/17.10 to 18.4 LTS Bionic Beaver.  Learn the purpose of some of the commands.  what to do if something goes wrong .    Requirements  for Ubuntu Desktop Edition the minimum requirements to run the new release : 2 GHz dual core processor 2 GiB RAM (system memory) 25 GB of hard-drive space  VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution Internet access  Why to upgrade  A lot has happened in Ubuntu land since the last LTS, Ubuntu 16.04, was released. 
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